Hydroperoxy-cycloartane triterpenoids from the leaves of Markhamia lutea, a plant ingested by wild chimpanzees

In the framework of the phytochemical investigation of plant species eaten by wild chimpanzees in their natural environment in Uganda, leaf samples of Markhamia lutea were selected and collected. The crude ethyl acetate extract of M. lutea leaves exhibited significant in vitro anti-parasitic activity and low cytotoxicity against MRC5 and KB cells. Fractionation of this extract led to six cycloartane triterpenoids, musambins A-C and their 3-O-xyloside derivatives musambiosides A-C. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral studies including mass spectroscopy and extensive 2D NMR. Most of the compounds exhibited mild anti-leishmanial and anti-trypanosomal activities.