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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Rat Model of Pouchitis Following Proctocolectomy and Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Using Dextran Sulfate Sodium

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Thalidomide suppresses sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis in a rat experimental model.

Stefania Mondello¹, Emanuela Mazzon, Rosanna Di Paola

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Messina University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Shock (Augusta, Ga.)

|August 15, 2009

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Thalidomide significantly reduced peritoneal fibrosis in rats induced by chlorhexidine gluconate (CG). This study suggests thalidomide may be a potential treatment for sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Gastroenterology
Immunology

Background:

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a severe complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
Current treatments for SEP are limited, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of thalidomide in preventing or mitigating chlorhexidine gluconate (CG)-induced peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model.
To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying thalidomide's effects on peritoneal injury.

Main Methods:

A rat model of peritoneal fibrosis was established using intraperitoneal injections of chlorhexidine gluconate (CG).
Thalidomide was administered orally at 100 mg/kg three times weekly.
Histological analysis, myeloperoxidase activity assays, and assessment of inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, TGF-beta, VEGF), nitrotyrosine, poly(ADP ribose), and NF-kappaB activation were performed.

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A Rat Model of Pouchitis Following Proctocolectomy and Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Using Dextran Sulfate Sodium

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A Mice Model of Chlorhexidine Gluconate-Induced Peritoneal Damage

A Mice Model of Chlorhexidine Gluconate-Induced Peritoneal Damage

Published on: April 28, 2022

Main Results:

Thalidomide treatment significantly reduced the extent and severity of histological peritoneal injury compared to CG-only treated rats.
Thalidomide substantially decreased myeloperoxidase activity, inflammatory cytokine expression, and markers of oxidative stress and NF-kappaB activation in the peritoneum.
The drug effectively reduced peritoneal fibrosis induced by CG.

Conclusions:

Thalidomide demonstrates a significant protective effect against CG-induced peritoneal fibrosis in rats.
These findings suggest thalidomide holds potential as a therapeutic agent for managing peritoneal fibrosis and SEP in patients on peritoneal dialysis.