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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
06:37

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

Published on: December 5, 2019

Inflammatory myopathies: disease mechanisms.

Steven A Greenberg1

  • 1Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. sagreenberg@partners.org

Current Opinion in Neurology
|August 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Recent advances in inflammatory myopathies reveal key disease mechanisms. Understanding the type 1 interferon pathway in dermatomyositis and TDP-43 in sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) aids targeted drug development.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
06:37

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

Published on: December 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Investigational research into inflammatory myopathies.
  • Genomic medicine and molecular pathology.

Background:

  • Inflammatory myopathies encompass a group of rare autoimmune diseases.
  • Understanding disease mechanisms is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss recent developments in inflammatory myopathy disease mechanisms.
  • To highlight areas of particular interest for future research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on inflammatory myopathies.
  • Focus on molecular and cellular pathology findings.

Main Results:

  • Type 1 interferon pathway identified in dermatomyositis, paving the way for genomic medicine.
  • Myonuclear abnormalities and TDP-43 protein in sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) offer insights into myofiber injury.
  • Proteomic studies and the role of muscle as lymphoid tissue are areas of active investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Clarification of disease mechanisms is essential for developing targeted therapies for myositis patients.
  • Advances in understanding molecular pathways promise improved treatment strategies.