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Blunt cardiac rupture: a 5-year NTDB analysis.

Pedro G R Teixeira1, Kenji Inaba, Didem Oncel

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Traumatic blunt cardiac rupture (BCR) is a rare but severe injury. While mortality is high, BCR is not always fatal, offering a glimmer of hope for survivors.

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Traumatic blunt cardiac rupture (BCR) is a rare injury with high mortality, leading to limited research.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and outcomes of BCR is crucial for improving patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiology and outcomes of traumatic blunt cardiac rupture (BCR).
  • To analyze patient demographics, injury characteristics, interventions, and survival rates associated with BCR.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the National Trauma Data Bank (version 5.0) from 2000-2005.
  • Abstracted demographic, clinical, and outcome data for patients with BCR.
  • Performed statistical analyses including t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-squared tests, and logistic regression to identify mortality predictors.

Main Results:

  • BCR occurred in 0.045% of blunt trauma patients (366/811,531).
  • Motor vehicle collisions were the most common cause (73%).
  • Overall in-hospital mortality for patients arriving alive was 89%; however, 42% of those surviving to operation were discharged.

Conclusions:

  • Traumatic blunt cardiac rupture is an exceedingly rare injury, affecting approximately 1 in 2400 blunt trauma patients.
  • Despite a high mortality rate, traumatic BCR is not uniformly fatal, with some patients surviving with appropriate interventions.