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Evaluation of morphological changes produced by orifice opener systems using computerized tomography (CT).

Adela Hervás1, Leopoldo Forner, Carmen Llena

  • 1Universidad CEU - Cardenal Herrera, Moncada, Spain.

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Stainless steel burs are more aggressive than nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) orifice openers in modifying root canal morphology. Ni-Ti instruments, particularly the ProFile system, caused less dental tissue removal during root canal preparation.

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Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Root canal preparation aims to clean and shape the canal space.
  • Orifice openers are used to enlarge the coronal aspect of root canals.
  • Understanding instrument behavior is crucial for predictable outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the morphological changes in root canal cross-sections after instrumentation with different orifice openers.
  • To evaluate the aggressiveness of various nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments and Gates Glidden burs using computerized tomography (CT).

Main Methods:

  • An in vitro experimental study involving 49 molars.
  • Preoperative and postoperative CT scans were performed to analyze root canal morphology.
  • Canals were prepared using six different Ni-Ti rotary orifice openers and Gates Glidden burs.
  • Statistical analysis included Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA tests.

Main Results:

  • Gates Glidden burs demonstrated significantly greater coronal aggressiveness.
  • All instruments removed more dental tissue in the coronal sections.
  • Bucco-lingual diameters were more affected than mesio-distal diameters.
  • Stainless steel instruments caused more significant modifications compared to Ni-Ti instruments.
  • The ProFile system resulted in the least morphological change.

Conclusions:

  • Stainless steel burs are more aggressive in root canal preparation than newer Ni-Ti orifice openers.
  • No significant differences in aggressiveness were found among the tested Ni-Ti instruments.
  • The ProFile system appears to be a conservative choice for coronal enlargement.