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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
14:56

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)

Published on: January 27, 2010

Analgesia after caesarean delivery.

N J McDonnell1, M L Keating, N A Muchatuta

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
|August 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Effective pain management after caesarean birth is crucial for new mothers. This review examines opioid and non-opioid strategies for post-caesarean pain relief, exploring multimodal approaches.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
14:56

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)

Published on: January 27, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Increasing rates of caesarean births worldwide necessitate improved postoperative pain management.
  • New mothers require effective pain relief for early mobilization and newborn care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review commonly used opioid-based methods for post-caesarean pain relief.
  • To evaluate evidence for non-opioid methods in multimodal post-caesarean pain management.
  • To discuss emerging research in caesarean pain management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on opioid-based analgesia for caesarean delivery.
  • Evidence-based assessment of non-opioid analgesics and adjunctive techniques.
  • Exploration of multimodal pain management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Current post-caesarean pain management often relies on opioids, supplemented by other modalities.
  • Multimodal approaches incorporating non-opioid analgesics show promise for effective pain control.
  • No single 'gold standard' exists; choices depend on availability, resources, and patient factors.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing post-caesarean pain relief requires a comprehensive, multimodal approach.
  • Further research into non-opioid and novel strategies is essential for enhanced maternal recovery.
  • Individualized pain management plans are critical for caesarean patients.