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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Transtubular Endoscopic Posterolateral Decompression for L5-S1 Lumbar Lateral Disc Herniation
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Transtubular Endoscopic Posterolateral Decompression for L5-S1 Lumbar Lateral Disc Herniation

Published on: October 14, 2022

Lumbar disk herniation: what are reliable criterions indicative for surgery?

Balkan Cakir1, Rene Schmidt, Heiko Reichel

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Orthopedics
|August 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...