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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
The nerve is a bundle of axons that serves as the communication highway in the PNS. Each nerve is ensheathed in a protective layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. This outermost layer safeguards the nerve and supports the...
Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Analyzing Murine Schwann Cell Development Along Growing Axons
09:46

Analyzing Murine Schwann Cell Development Along Growing Axons

Published on: November 21, 2012

Chapter 2: Development of the peripheral nerve.

Suleyman Kaplan1, Ersan Odaci, Bunyami Unal

  • 1Department of Histology and Embryology, Ondokuz Mayis University School of Medicine, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.

International Review of Neurobiology
|August 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details the development of human peripheral nerves (PNs), focusing on axons, Schwann cells, and connective tissues. Understanding PN development is crucial for advancing nerve repair and regeneration strategies.

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Fabrication of the Composite Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (C-RPNI) in the Adult Rat
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Fabrication of the Composite Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (C-RPNI) in the Adult Rat

Published on: February 25, 2020

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Analyzing Murine Schwann Cell Development Along Growing Axons
09:46

Analyzing Murine Schwann Cell Development Along Growing Axons

Published on: November 21, 2012

Fabrication of the Composite Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (C-RPNI) in the Adult Rat
10:35

Fabrication of the Composite Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (C-RPNI) in the Adult Rat

Published on: February 25, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Histology

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve (PN) function relies on the integrity of axons, Schwann cells, and connective sheaths.
  • Human PN development studies are limited due to the difficulty in obtaining fetal samples, with most research relying on animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the primary developmental stages of axons, Schwann cells, and connective tissue sheaths in human peripheral nerves.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding PN development for nerve repair and regeneration research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on peripheral nerve development.
  • Synthesis of information on the morphological and cellular development of PNs.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of the developmental timelines and interactions between axons, Schwann cells, and connective tissues during human PN formation.
  • Identification of key developmental processes essential for normal PN structure and function.

Conclusions:

  • Knowledge of human PN development is critical for understanding congenital nerve disorders and guiding strategies for nerve repair and regeneration.
  • Developmental and regenerative processes share common biological mechanisms, offering potential for innovative therapeutic approaches.