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Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Size-Exclusion Chromatography

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Extraction of Cofactor F420 for Analysis of Polyglutamate Tail Length from Methanogenic Pure Cultures and Environmental Samples

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Published on: October 14, 2021

Sulfonated polyvinyl chloride fibers for cation-exchange microextraction.

Li Xu¹, Hian Kee Lee

¹College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.

Journal of Chromatography. A

|August 18, 2009

Summary

A novel sulfonated polyvinyl chloride (PVC-SO3H) fiber enables efficient cation-exchange microextraction of anesthetics. This disposable fiber offers a cost-effective and convenient method for analyzing basic analytes with low detection limits.

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Published on: April 5, 2019

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can be modified to create functional materials.
Sulfonated PVC (PVC-SO3H) exhibits both cation-exchange and hydrophobic properties.
Developing efficient extraction methods is crucial for analyzing trace analytes.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a novel PVC-SO3H fiber for cation-exchange microextraction.
To apply this method for the extraction and analysis of anesthetics.
To assess the convenience, cost-effectiveness, and performance of the developed method.

Main Methods:

Derivatization of PVC fiber with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce PVC-SO3H.
Direct use of the PVC-SO3H fiber as a disposable device for microextraction.
Analysis of extracted anesthetics using high-performance liquid chromatography-UV (HPLC-UV).

Main Results:

The PVC-SO3H fiber demonstrated dual sorbent properties (cation-exchange and hydrophobicity).
The method achieved low limits of detection for four anesthetics, ranging from 1.2 to 6.0 ng/mL.
The disposable nature of the fiber eliminated carryover and sorbent phase loss.

Conclusions:

The PVC-SO3H fiber-based microextraction is a convenient and cost-effective technique.
This method is suitable for the analysis of basic analytes like anesthetics.
The disposable fiber offers advantages over traditional sorptive extraction methods.