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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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A Simple Alternative to Stereotactic Injection for Brain Specific Knockdown of miRNA
06:53

A Simple Alternative to Stereotactic Injection for Brain Specific Knockdown of miRNA

Published on: December 26, 2015

Fine-tuning the brain: MicroRNAs.

Erno Vreugdenhil1, Eugene Berezikov

  • 1LACDR/LUMC/Medical Pharmacology Dpt., Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, Leiden University, The Netherlands. vreugden@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl <vreugden@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl>

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
|August 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs, small RNA molecules, regulate gene translation in the brain. This review explores their crucial roles in brain development, function, evolution, and links to central nervous system diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The brain's complexity involves numerous genes and signaling molecules.
  • Novel RNA molecules, including microRNAs, have emerged with regulatory functions.
  • MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that control messenger RNA translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of microRNAs in brain development and function.
  • To highlight microRNA involvement in central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
  • To discuss mammalian microRNA evolution and their impact on brain steroid signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on microRNAs in neuroscience.
  • Analysis of genomic data regarding microRNA expression.
  • Examination of studies linking microRNA dysregulation to CNS disorders.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs are expressed in a cell-type-specific manner in the brain during development and adulthood.
  • Aberrant microRNA expression is associated with various human CNS diseases.
  • Recent findings shed light on the evolution of microRNAs and their influence on neurosteroid signaling.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are critical regulators of brain development and function.
  • Dysregulation of microRNAs contributes to the pathogenesis of CNS diseases.
  • Understanding microRNA evolution and function offers insights into brain complexity and disease.