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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Induction of Cerebral Arterial Gas Embolism in Rat

Induction of Cerebral Arterial Gas Embolism in Rat

Published on: October 18, 2024

Air embolism in gastroscopy.

Jennifer F Ha¹, Emma Allanson, Harsha Chandraratna

¹Armadale Health Service, 3056 Albany Highway, Armadale, Western Australia 6112, Australia. jenha81@yahoo.com.au

International Journal of Surgery (London, England)

|August 18, 2009

Summary

Venous air embolism is a rare but fatal complication of gastroscopy. Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial for patient survival, despite a high mortality rate.

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Medical Complications
Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (gastroscopy) is a common diagnostic procedure.
Venous air embolism (VAE) is a rare, potentially fatal complication associated with gastroscopy.
This study reviews the literature to understand the characteristics and outcomes of VAE after gastroscopy.

Observation:

Fourteen cases of VAE following gastroscopy were identified.
Patients presented with neurological and respiratory compromise.
Computed tomography (CT) and echocardiography (ECHO) were primary diagnostic tools.
Mucosal breach was the most frequent risk factor identified.

Findings:

The median age of affected patients was 66 years.

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The mortality rate associated with VAE after gastroscopy was 57.1%.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was utilized in four reported cases.

Implications:

VAE is an uncommon but severe complication of gastroscopy that is often overlooked.
Prompt diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes.
Clinicians should consider VAE in patients experiencing sudden cardiopulmonary or neurological deterioration during gastroscopy.