A note on the definition of "dual use"

Area of Science:

• Biosecurity
• Science Policy
• Risk Assessment

Background:

• The concept of dual use lacks a universally accepted definition.
• Identifying dual-use items (research, technologies, artifacts) presents significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To contribute a working definition for dual-use items.
• To address the difficulties in distinguishing dual-use from non-dual-use items.

Main Methods:

• Conceptual analysis of dual-use categories.
• Identification of key factors for classification.
• Proposal of a provisional definition based on capacity and intent.

Main Results:

• Dual use encompasses research, technologies, and artifacts.
• Classification requires assessing actual capacities and willingness for misuse.
• Three contextual factors are identified to aid classification.

Conclusions:

• A provisional definition of dual use is proposed, integrating threats and risks.
• The definition emphasizes actual potential for harm over mere possibility.
• This framework aids in better identifying and managing dual-use concerns.