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Updated: Jun 20, 2026
Lentiviral Vector-mediated Gene Therapy of Hepatocytes Ex Vivo for Autologous Transplantation in Swine
Published on: November 4, 2018
Porcine endogenous retrovirus released by a bioartificial liver infects primary human cells
Jan-Henning Frühauf1, Heike Mertsching, Shibashish Giri
1Department of Cell Techniques and Applied Stem Cell Biology, Biomedical-Biotechnological Center (BBZ), Leipzig, Germany.
Background:
Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) remains a safety risk in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. There is no evidence of in vivo productive infection in humans because PERV is inactivated by human serum. However, PERV can infect human cell lines and human primary cells in vitro and inhibit human immune functions.
Aims:
We investigated the potential of primary porcine liver cells to transmit PERV to primary human cells in a bioreactor-based bioartificial liver (BAL).
Methods:
Primary human hepatocytes, endothelial cells and the human cell line HEK 293 were exposed to supernatants from BAL or from the porcine cell line PK-15. PERV polymerase-specific reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and PCR were used to investigate PERV transmission to human cells. An assay of RT activity was used to detect the presence of retrovirus in the supernatants of BAL, primary human hepatocytes and endothelial cells.
Results:
Primary human hepatocytes (hHep), endothelial cells and HEK 293 cells were reproducibly infected by PERV, originating from primary porcine liver cells within the BAL and from PK-15 cells. Infected cells were positive for PERV-specific DNA and RNA after 8-10 days on an average, and RT activity was detectable in the supernatants of infected hHep and HEK 293 cells.
Conclusion:
A risk of PERV infection in human cells is documented in this study, indicating that short-term contact of primary porcine liver cell supernatants with primary human cells could result in PERV transmission.
