Molecular characterization and genetic diversity analysis of Jatropha curcas L. in India using RAPD and AFLP analysis

Jatropha curcas L. belongs to family Euphorbiaceae, native to South America and widely distributed in South and Central America, attained significant importance for its seed oil which can be converted to biodiesel, a renewable energy source alternative to conventional petro-diesel. Very few attempts were made to understand the extent of genetic diversity that exists in J. curcas. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to asses the genetic diversity among 28 diverse germplasm collected from distinct geographical areas in India. The overall percentage of polymorphism (PP) was found to be 50.70 and 60.95 by RAPD and AFLP, respectively. The mean PP was found to be 9.72 and 20.57 by RAPD and AFLP, respectively. The mean genetic similarity was observed to be 0.89 by RAPD and 0.88 by AFLP. Among the germplasm JCI20 found to be the most diverged one. The dendrogram analysis of RAPD and AFLP data showed good congruence, but better resolution and more polymorphism was observed with AFLP. When the dendrogram of RAPD was compared with AFLP dendrogram, the major clustering pattern was found to be similar; however, changes in minor grouping were observed. In both RAPD and AFLP analysis clustering of germplasm did not show any correlation with the geographical area of collection. Low genetic diversity observed in J. curcas and the clustering pattern indicates that the distribution of species might have happened through anthropogenic activity and warrants the need for widening the genetic base. The present study will provide pavement for further intra-population studies on narrow geographical areas, to understand the population genetic structure, phylogeography, molecular ecological studies. The marker information and the characterized germplasm help in further improvement of the species through marker assisted breeding programs.