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Related Concept Videos

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...

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Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 12, 2013

Desorption electrospray/metastable-induced ionization: a flexible multimode ambient ion generation technique.

Leonard Nyadong1, Asiri S Galhena, Facundo M Fernández

  • 1School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive Northwest, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.

Analytical Chemistry
|August 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary

A new multimode ambient ion source, desorption electrospray/metastable-induced ionization (DEMI), combines techniques for broader analyte detection. This versatile ion source enhances analysis of diverse compounds, improving drug screening and counterfeit detection.

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Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Ionization Techniques

Background:

  • Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) has limitations in polarity range.
  • Direct analysis in real time (DART)-type metastable-induced chemical ionization (MICI) is limited by molecular weight.
  • A need exists for ion sources capable of analyzing a wider range of analytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel multimode ambient ion source, DEMI.
  • To integrate the advantages of DESI and MICI while overcoming their limitations.
  • To enable the detection of a wider range of analytes with a single instrument.

Main Methods:

  • Development and implementation of a multimode ion source (DEMI).
  • Operation in three distinct modes: spray-only (DESI-like), MICI-only, and DEMI (multimode).
  • Analysis of analytes with varying polarity and molecular weight characteristics.

Main Results:

  • MICI-only mode excels at analyzing low-polarity, low-molecular weight compounds.
  • Spray-only mode demonstrates superior performance for high-molecular weight, high-polarity compounds.
  • DEMI mode enables simultaneous detection of compounds across a broad spectrum of polarities and molecular weights.
  • DEMI mode generates complementary ionic species (protonated and sodiated analytes) for improved identification of unknowns.

Conclusions:

  • The DEMI ion source offers enhanced analytical capabilities compared to individual DESI and MICI techniques.
  • DEMI's multimode operation significantly expands the range of detectable analytes.
  • This technology holds promise for applications such as drug quality screening and counterfeit detection.