Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sequence-directed R-loop formation coupled with DNA methylation reprogramming during polyploidization of Brachypodium.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2026
Same author

The pyramiding of <i>QYr.cib-3AS</i> and <i>YrT14</i> enhances wheat resistance to stripe rust.

Frontiers in plant science·2026
Same author

An NLR-transposase fusion gene from rye provides broadly effective resistance to stripe rust in wheat.

Nature plants·2026
Same author

Integrated genomic and epigenetic architecture of de novo centromere formation in barley.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2025
Same author

Near-complete genome assembly of a transformation-efficient elite inbred line LH244 and its comparison with B73.

Journal of integrative plant biology·2025
Same author

CRISPR-Cas9 Toolkit for Maize: Vector Design, Construction, and Analysis of Edited Plants.

Cold Spring Harbor protocols·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
05:35

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

Maize centromeres: structure, function, epigenetics.

James A Birchler1, Fangpu Han

  • 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7400, USA. BirchlerJ@Missouri.edu

Annual Review of Genetics
|August 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Centromere activity in maize is epigenetically regulated, not solely by DNA sequence. Inactive centromeres can reactivate, suggesting a DNA-based topological role in centromere identity.

More Related Videos

Genome-wide Analysis of Histone Modifications Distribution using the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Method in Magnaporthe oryzae
09:25

Genome-wide Analysis of Histone Modifications Distribution using the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Method in Magnaporthe oryzae

Published on: June 2, 2021

Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina
07:50

Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina

Published on: August 29, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
05:35

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

Genome-wide Analysis of Histone Modifications Distribution using the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Method in Magnaporthe oryzae
09:25

Genome-wide Analysis of Histone Modifications Distribution using the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Method in Magnaporthe oryzae

Published on: June 2, 2021

Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina
07:50

Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina

Published on: August 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Centromere activity, crucial for kinetochore organization, involves epigenetic regulation beyond DNA sequence.
  • Maize centromeres, characterized by specific sequence repeats, offer a model for studying centromere function.
  • The B chromosome centromere's unique repeat aids in studying centromere activity against other centromeres.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epigenetic basis of centromere activity in maize.
  • To explore the role of DNA sequence and topology in centromere identity.
  • To understand the mechanisms underlying centromere inactivation and reactivation.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of centromeric DNA sequences and repeat structures in maize.
  • Analysis of kinetochore protein and RNA components.
  • Identification and study of inactive and reactivated centromere sites on A and B chromosomes.

Main Results:

  • Centromere activity is epigenetically controlled, with DNA sequence not being the sole determinant.
  • Maize centromeres, including the B chromosome variant, possess specific sequence repeats.
  • Inactive centromeres can be reactivated, indicating a dynamic component to centromere identity.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic factors play a significant role in regulating centromere function and kinetochore assembly.
  • The potential for centromere reactivation suggests a DNA-based topological component influencing centromere identity.
  • Maize centromeres provide a valuable system for dissecting the epigenetic and topological mechanisms of centromere regulation.