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Related Concept Videos

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Overview of Systemic Arteries01:11

Overview of Systemic Arteries

The human body is a complex, well-organized machine, and at the heart of its operations lies the circulatory system. This network of blood vessels, which includes systemic arteries, plays a vital role in maintaining life by transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from cells throughout the body.
Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last for...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Migraine as a systemic vasculopathy.

G E Tietjen1

  • 1The University of Toledo, Department of Neurology, Toledo, OH 76508, USA. tietjen.gretchen@utoledo.edu

Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache
|August 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Migraine is linked to vascular disorders and endothelial dysfunction, a key vascular risk factor. Identifying biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction may help detect migraine patients at higher risk for stroke and vascular diseases.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

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Published on: June 2, 2014

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05:40

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Migraine is epidemiologically associated with various vascular disorders.
  • Endothelial dysfunction is implicated in migraine, potentially as both a cause and consequence.
  • Endothelial dysfunction is a vascular risk factor marked by endothelial activation and reduced vascular reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the link between migraine and vascular disorders.
  • To investigate the role of endothelial dysfunction in migraine.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for early detection of vascular risks in migraine patients.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological study analysis.
  • Review of evidence linking migraine and endothelial dysfunction.
  • Identification of plasma and genetic biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Migraine is associated with cerebral, coronary, retinal, dermal, and peripheral vasculature disorders.
  • Endothelial dysfunction is a significant factor in migraine pathophysiology.
  • Biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction have been identified.

Conclusions:

  • Ascertaining endothelial dysfunction biomarkers may rapidly identify migraineurs at increased risk of ischemic stroke and vascular disease.
  • The efficacy of migraine prophylaxis, endothelial repair, or platelet inhibition in preventing stroke and other vasculopathies requires further investigation.