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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
14:28

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Published on: June 30, 2013

Human immunodeficiency virus and atherosclerosis.

Peter M Farrugia1, Richard Lucariello, John T Coppola

  • 1Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Catholic Medical Center, New York, NY 10011, USA.

Cardiology in Review
|August 20, 2009
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Summary

Highly active antiretroviral therapy improves outcomes for HIV infection but increases cardiovascular disease risk. Further research is needed to manage this risk and prevent heart attacks in HIV patients.

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Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
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Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Published on: June 30, 2013

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture
11:14

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Published on: October 12, 2018

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced mortality and AIDS progression in HIV-infected individuals.
  • Increased life expectancy in HIV patients has led to a rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence.
  • Traditional coronary risk factors are more common in HIV-infected patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between HIV infection, HAART, and cardiovascular disease, specifically atherosclerosis.
  • To evaluate HIV as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD).
  • To inform treatment strategies for preventing myocardial infarction (MI) in HIV-positive individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research studies on HIV, HAART, and cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Analysis of prevalence of traditional coronary risk factors in HIV-infected populations.
  • Investigation into the independent and HAART-associated effects of HIV on atherosclerosis.

Main Results:

  • HIV-infected individuals exhibit an increased prevalence of traditional coronary risk factors.
  • Evidence suggests HIV itself may independently contribute to atherosclerosis.
  • HAART use is linked to the atherosclerotic process.

Conclusions:

  • HIV should be considered a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease.
  • Treatment strategies for HIV-infected individuals must prioritize cardiovascular risk management.
  • Preventing myocardial infarction is a critical goal in managing HIV-related cardiovascular complications.