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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

Published on: March 29, 2019

Control and signal processing by transcriptional interference.

Antoine Buetti-Dinh¹, Rosemarie Ungricht, János Z Kelemen

¹Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Molecular Systems Biology

|August 20, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Transcriptional interference, where activators regulate gene expression, was studied using a yeast system. This mechanism can lead to complex responses, including paradoxical activation and bell-shaped gene induction curves.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Systems Biology
Genetics

Background:

Transcriptional interference is a gene regulation mechanism where one activator suppresses another's activity.
This process integrates signals received by competing activators acting on polymerase trafficking.
Understanding interference is key to predicting gene expression in complex genomic contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically explore activator-activator antagonism using a novel dual-control genetic system in yeast.
To elucidate the distinct mechanisms of competitive and non-competitive inhibition by upstream and downstream activators.
To investigate how transcriptional interference converts input signals and mimics other regulatory motifs.

Main Methods:

Development of a dual-control genetic system in yeast for studying transcriptional interference.
Systematic analysis of activator-activator antagonism under varying induction levels.
Application of equilibrium and non-equilibrium models to understand interference mechanisms.
Construction of a synthetic circuit to observe interference-induced responses.

Main Results:

Upstream activators exhibit competitive inhibition, while downstream activators show non-competitive inhibition.
Transcriptional interference can result in paradoxical activation under weak induction.
Self-antagonism of activators mimics feed-forward loop behavior.
A synthetic circuit demonstrated a bell-shaped response, limiting induction to a narrow signal range.

Conclusions:

Transcriptional interference is a versatile regulatory mechanism with distinct upstream and downstream effects.
The study reveals conserved principles of interference that can predict gene expression responses.
Understanding interference provides insights into complex gene regulation networks and synthetic circuit design.