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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme Kinetics01:19

Enzyme Kinetics

Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
Scientists typically study enzyme kinetics with a fixed amount of enzyme in the controlled environment of a test tube. When more reactant, or substrate, is...
Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics01:19

Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics

Enzyme kinetics studies the rates of biochemical reactions. Scientists monitor the reaction rates for a particular enzymatic reaction at various substrate concentrations. Additional trials with inhibitors or other molecules that affect the reaction rate may also be performed.
The experimenter can then plot the initial reaction rate or velocity (Vo) of a given trial against the substrate concentration ([S]) to obtain a graph of the reaction properties. For many enzymatic reactions involving a...
Fast Reactions01:27

Fast Reactions

Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...
Measuring Reaction Rates03:09

Measuring Reaction Rates

Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical field in...
Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Steady-state, Pre-steady-state, and Single-turnover Kinetic Measurement for DNA Glycosylase Activity
14:27

Steady-state, Pre-steady-state, and Single-turnover Kinetic Measurement for DNA Glycosylase Activity

Published on: August 19, 2013

Probing single enzyme kinetics in real-time.

Qi Chen1, Ramon Groote, Holger Schönherr

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

Chemical Society Reviews
|August 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Single molecule detection techniques enable enzyme reaction kinetics studies. This review covers fluorescence microscopy methods and dynamic disorder in single molecule enzymology.

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Using In Vitro Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study the Dynamics Of Protein Complexes at a Millisecond Time Scale

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Steady-state, Pre-steady-state, and Single-turnover Kinetic Measurement for DNA Glycosylase Activity
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Steady-state, Pre-steady-state, and Single-turnover Kinetic Measurement for DNA Glycosylase Activity

Published on: August 19, 2013

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Using In Vitro Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study the Dynamics Of Protein Complexes at a Millisecond Time Scale
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Using In Vitro Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study the Dynamics Of Protein Complexes at a Millisecond Time Scale

Published on: March 14, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Single molecule detection techniques have advanced significantly.
  • Enzyme kinetics can now be studied at the single enzyme level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce fluorescence microscopic techniques for single molecule enzymology.
  • To discuss observed fluctuations in enzyme reaction rates (dynamic disorder).

Main Methods:

  • Introduction to fluorescence microscopic techniques.
  • Review of selected studies in single molecule enzymology.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of reaction rate fluctuations.
  • Explanation of dynamic disorder using various models.

Conclusions:

  • Single molecule enzymology provides insights into enzyme reaction dynamics.
  • Dynamic disorder is a key characteristic of single enzyme kinetics.