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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Surface Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Moisture Resistance
08:12

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Published on: September 5, 2018

Selectively functionalized cyclodextrins and their metal complexes.

Francesco Bellia1, Diego La Mendola, Carlo Pedone

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.

Chemical Society Reviews
|August 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functionalized cyclodextrins (CDs) and their metal complexes show enhanced capabilities. These derivatives improve chiral recognition and act as catalysts, mimicking metalloenzymes for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Biomimetic Chemistry

Background:

  • Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides with a hydrophobic cavity, widely used as chiral selectors and drug delivery agents.
  • Functionalization of CDs enhances their properties and expands applications in molecular recognition and enzyme mimicking.
  • Metal ions significantly improve CD metal-binding affinity and catalytic activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent applications of functionalized cyclodextrin derivatives and their metal complexes.
  • To highlight the role of metal ions in enhancing CD host-guest interactions and chiral recognition.
  • To explore the use of functionalized CDs with metal ions in mimicking metalloenzymes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on functionalized cyclodextrins and their metal complexes.
  • Analysis of studies demonstrating enhanced host-guest interactions and chiral selectivity.
  • Examination of research on metal-CD complexes as enzyme mimics.

Main Results:

  • Functionalized CDs exhibit improved metal-binding properties.
  • Metal ions enhance the chiral receptor capabilities of CDs.
  • Functionalized CD-metal complexes effectively mimic metalloenzyme activity.
  • Recent advancements showcase diverse applications in catalysis and molecular recognition.

Conclusions:

  • Functionalized cyclodextrins and their metal complexes represent a versatile platform for advanced applications.
  • Metal coordination significantly boosts the performance of CDs as chiral selectors and catalysts.
  • These systems offer promising avenues for biomimetic catalysis and sophisticated molecular recognition.