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Variations in growth capacity of HIV in peripheral blood mononuclear cell preparations from different individuals
O Yamada1, T Matsumoto, R Sasoaka
1Department of Virology, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
Abstract:
To investigate whether there are variations in the growth capacity of HIV in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PMBC) preparations from different individuals, PBMC cultures prepared from 27 healthy donors were infected with the fresh HIV-1 isolates JH/3 or JMH/1. After infection of the PBMC with HIV, the culture fluid was checked for infectivity (TCID50) and the level of p24 antigen. Significant diversity was observed in these values in different individuals. No correlation between the percentage of CD4-positive lymphocytes or the growth ability of PBMC and TCID50 was shown. Whether PBMC was infected with JH/3 or JMH/1 also made no difference. In some cases, however, the culture fluid possessed high (or low) p24 levels despite a low (or high) infectious virus yield. The E-rosette-positive cell fraction was separated from the PBMC preparations which showed the highest and the lowest virus yield, and the yield was determined after infection with JMH/1. The difference in virus yield and the TCID50/p24 ratio between these donors was also observed in these T-cell-enriched cell cultures. The results suggest that variations in the growth capacity of HIV in different PBMC preparations are due to the T-cell population and that the source of the PBMC influences not only the binding of the virions onto the cell surface but also the replication of the virus in the cell.
Insights
HIV growth varies significantly between individuals due to differences in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). T-cell populations within PBMCs influence both HIV binding and replication, impacting virus yield.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) replication is a complex process.
- Individual variations in immune cell responses can affect HIV pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate variability in HIV growth capacity across different peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) preparations.
- To identify factors contributing to observed differences in HIV replication.
Main Methods:
- PBMC cultures from 27 healthy donors were infected with HIV-1 isolates.
- Infectivity (TCID50) and p24 antigen levels were measured in culture supernatants.
- T-cell-enriched fractions were analyzed from high and low virus-yielding donors.
Main Results:
- Significant diversity in HIV infectivity and p24 levels was observed among donors.
- No correlation found between CD4+ lymphocyte percentage and HIV TCID50.
- Variations in virus yield and TCID50/p24 ratio persisted in T-cell-enriched cultures.
Conclusions:
- HIV growth capacity in PBMCs varies significantly between individuals.
- The T-cell population within PBMCs is a key determinant of HIV replication.
- PBMC source influences HIV virion binding and intracellular replication.