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Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...

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Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
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Enhancing mTOR-targeted cancer therapy.

Xuerong Wang1, Shi-Yong Sun

  • 1Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets
|August 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors show modest effects in many cancers. Blocking feedback survival pathways like Akt activation may improve mTOR-targeted cancer therapy efficacy.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a key regulator of cell growth and metabolism, making it a promising target for cancer therapy.
  • Rapalogs, mTOR inhibitors, have shown efficacy in some cancers like metastatic renal-cell carcinoma, but their single-agent activity is often limited in other tumor types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the mTOR signaling axis.
  • To discuss strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of mTOR-targeted cancer therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical data from peer-reviewed literature.
  • Analysis of the biological and therapeutic aspects of the mTOR axis.

Main Results:

  • The mTOR axis is regulated by complex feedback networks.
  • Inhibition of mTOR with rapalogs can lead to feedback activation of survival pathways, such as Akt.
  • This feedback activation diminishes the anticancer efficacy of rapalogs.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the mTOR axis is a viable cancer therapeutic strategy.
  • Strategies to block or prevent feedback activation of survival pathways are crucial for improving mTOR-targeted therapy.
  • Combination therapies that inhibit both mTOR and feedback survival pathways may overcome resistance and enhance treatment outcomes.