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Related Concept Videos

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation01:29

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles
09:15

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles

Published on: November 10, 2017

Atorvastatin and fenofibrate increase apolipoprotein AV and decrease triglycerides by up-regulating peroxisome

Xian-sheng Huang1, Shui-ping Zhao, Lin Bai

  • 1Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

British Journal of Pharmacology
|August 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combining statin and fibrate drugs significantly reduces triglycerides by increasing apolipoprotein AV (apoAV) levels, mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) activation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles
09:15

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles

Published on: November 10, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Statin and fibrate combination therapy enhances triglyceride reduction compared to monotherapy.
  • The precise mechanism behind this synergistic effect remains unclear.
  • Apolipoprotein AV (apoAV) plays a role in triglyceride metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of combined statin and fibrate treatment on apoAV.
  • To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of this combined therapy's efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Hypertriglyceridemia induced in rats using fructose; treated with atorvastatin, fenofibrate, or combination.
  • Plasma triglyceride and apoAV levels measured; hepatic apoAV and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) expression analyzed via Western blot and RT-PCR.
  • Effects also studied in fructose-exposed HepG2 cells, with and without a PPARalpha inhibitor (MK886).

Main Results:

  • Combination therapy yielded greater triglyceride reduction and apoAV increase than individual drugs.
  • Hepatic PPARalpha expression was significantly upregulated by the combination therapy.
  • Similar synergistic effects on apoAV and triglycerides observed in HepG2 cells; PPARalpha inhibition blocked atorvastatin's effects.

Conclusions:

  • Combined atorvastatin and fenofibrate therapy increases apoAV and decreases triglycerides.
  • This effect is achieved through the upregulation of PPARalpha.