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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
Multi-input and Multi-variable systems01:22

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
In the absence of...
Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...

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On the possibility of non-invasive multilayer temperature estimation using soft-computing methods.

C A Teixeira1, W C A Pereira, A E Ruano

  • 1Centre for Informatics and Systems, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal. cteixei@dei.uc.pt

Ultrasonics
|August 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel soft-computing model for non-invasive temperature estimation (NITE) in multilayered phantoms using backscattered ultrasound (BSU). The developed model accurately estimates temperature with minimal error, paving the way for safer thermal therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Soft Computing
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Reliable non-invasive temperature estimation (NITE) is crucial for enhancing the safety and efficacy of thermal therapies.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) offers acceptable temperature resolution but is costly; backscattered ultrasound (BSU) presents a viable alternative.
  • Temporal echo-shifts in BSU signals, caused by changes in speed-of-sound and medium expansion, are key indicators for temperature estimation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an original soft-computing-based model for NITE in a three-layer phantom.
  • To investigate the efficacy of backscattered ultrasound (BSU) temporal echo-shifts for temperature monitoring in non-homogeneous tissues.
  • To improve the broader acceptance of thermal therapies through enhanced temperature estimation accuracy and reliability.

Main Methods:

  • A three-layer phantom with properties mimicking in vivo muscle was constructed.
  • Backscattered ultrasound (BSU) signals were collected, and cumulative temporal echo-shifts were computed.
  • Radial-basis functions neural networks (RBFNN), optimized by a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA), were employed for temperature estimation.

Main Results:

  • The developed soft-computing models achieved an average maximum absolute error (MAE) below 0.5 degrees C, meeting the gold standard for hyperthermia.
  • The best-performing estimator demonstrated an MAE of 0.4 degrees C across 40 operating conditions (varying spatial points and therapeutic intensities).
  • The models exhibited excellent generalization capabilities, accurate performance irrespective of intensity or spatial location, and reduced computational complexity for real-time application.

Conclusions:

  • A novel soft-computing-based NITE model was successfully developed for a three-layered phantom using BSU.
  • The model provides accurate temperature estimation, outperforming existing methods that are limited to homogeneous media.
  • Future work requires a-priori knowledge of temperature behavior and representative data covering all physical situations for optimal performance.