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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle with...
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

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Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
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Published on: December 7, 2018

Obsessive-compulsive disorder as a visual processing impairment.

Oscar F Gonçalves1, Tiago Reis Marques, Nicolás F Lori

  • 1Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPSI, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4700 Braga, Portugal. goncalves@iep.uminho.pt

Medical Hypotheses
|August 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may involve visual processing deficits. Fronto-subcortical overactivity in OCD might stem from reduced occipital/parietal activity, especially with emotional stimuli.

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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to impaired cognitive and behavioral inhibition.
  • Hyperactivation of cortical-subcortical pathways is implicated in OCD's inhibitory failures.
  • Emerging research suggests non-frontal-subcortical regions are crucial for understanding OCD deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To hypothesize a novel mechanism for fronto-subcortical activation in OCD.
  • To explore the role of visual-perceptual processing in OCD's cognitive and emotional deficits.
  • To investigate the impact of emotional intensity on visual processing in OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on OCD, neuroimaging, and visual processing.
  • Hypothetical model integrating fronto-subcortical and occipital/parietal functions.
  • Analysis of studies examining visual processing of social and emotional stimuli in OCD.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests decreased metabolic activity in left inferior parietal and parieto-occipital regions in some OCD patients.
  • Inconsistent findings exist regarding visual processing in OCD, but recent studies show abnormal processing of social/emotional stimuli.
  • A proposed dissociation between fronto-subcortical activation and occipital/parietal deactivation in OCD.

Conclusions:

  • Fronto-subcortical overactivation in OCD may result from deactivation in visual-perceptual processing areas (occipital/parietal).
  • This dissociation may be exacerbated by the emotional intensity of social stimuli.
  • Understanding these visual-perceptual deficits offers new insights into OCD's complex symptomatology.