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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Developing an articulation test for Arabic-speaking school-age children.

Tamer Abou-Elsaad1, Hemmat Baz, Manal El-Banna

  • 1Phoniatric Unit, ORL Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. taboelsaad@hotmail.com

Folia Phoniatrica Et Logopaedica : Official Organ of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP)
|August 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The Mansoura Arabic Articulation Test (MAAT) is a new, valid, and reliable tool for assessing Arabic-speaking children's speech sound production. It aids in identifying phonological disorders in young learners.

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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
06:04

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of phonological development is crucial for identifying speech disorders in children.
  • Existing articulation tests may not adequately capture the nuances of Arabic phonemes.
  • A culturally and linguistically appropriate tool is needed for Arabic-speaking populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Mansoura Arabic Articulation Test (MAAT).
  • To create a criterion-referenced tool for comparing phonemes in typically developing and phonologically disordered Arabic-speaking children.
  • To ensure the test uses familiar, visually transparent words relevant to Colloquial Egyptian Arabic.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a picture-naming test (MAAT) to elicit single-word responses.
  • Included all consonant positions and vowels of Colloquial Egyptian Arabic.
  • Validated by three expert phoniatricians and pilot-tested on 100 children (ages 42-70 months).

Main Results:

  • Experts' opinions showed non-significant differences, indicating approval of MAAT items.
  • A highly significant correlation between word utterances and picture identification confirmed content validity.
  • Test-retest reliability demonstrated the consistency of MAAT.

Conclusions:

  • MAAT is a valid and reliable articulation test.
  • It can be effectively used to collect the phonetic inventory of young Arabic-speaking children.
  • MAAT provides a valuable resource for diagnosing speech sound disorders in this population.