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Related Concept Videos

Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Botulism01:22

Botulism

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Persistent dysarthria after cefazolin-induced status epilepticus.

Yuna Lee1, Sung-Bom Pyun, Eun Kyung Park

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Brain Injury
|August 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Intrathecal cefazolin, a rare cause of status epilepticus (SE), can lead to persistent dysarthria. Brain imaging revealed dysfunction in speech production areas, suggesting a link to this rare antibiotic side effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Cefazolin is an antibiotic known to cause seizures.
  • Intrathecal administration of cefazolin is rarely associated with status epilepticus (SE).
  • Persistent dysarthria following cefazolin-induced SE has not been previously documented.

Observation:

  • A 66-year-old woman developed status epilepticus (SE) after intrathecal cefazolin infusion for lumbar spinal stenosis.
  • The patient experienced persistent severe dysarthria, dysphagia, and cognitive dysfunction post-SE.
  • Despite extensive rehabilitation and speech therapy, dysarthria remained significantly impaired.

Findings:

  • Brain MRI showed no abnormalities.
  • FDG-PET revealed hypometabolism in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and primary motor cortex (oromotor areas).
  • These hypometabolic regions are critical for speech production, including Broca's area and the insula.

Implications:

  • Dysfunction within the inferior frontal speech production network may underlie persistent dysarthria after intrathecal cefazolin.
  • This case highlights a rare but severe neurological complication of intrathecal cefazolin.
  • Neuroimaging, particularly FDG-PET, can help identify the affected brain regions in such cases.