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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
Stereotype Content Model02:16

Stereotype Content Model

The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence categorization, a person will feel...
Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

Dimensions of Health and Illness

The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
Anorexia Nervosa01:28

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, an unrelenting pursuit of thinness, and a distorted body image. It often leads to dangerously low body weight relative to an individual's age and height. This disorder is marked by significant physical and psychological consequences, making it one of the most life-threatening psychiatric illnesses.
Symptoms and Physical Effects
Individuals with anorexia nervosa commonly exhibit extreme...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

How to Study Placebo Responses in Motion Sickness with a Rotation Chair Paradigm in Healthy Participants
08:50

How to Study Placebo Responses in Motion Sickness with a Rotation Chair Paradigm in Healthy Participants

Published on: December 14, 2014

Sickness absence: A gender-focused review.

Marrie H J Bekker1, Christel G Rutte, Karen van Rijswijk

  • 1Department of Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands. m.h.j.bekker@uvt.nl

Psychology, Health & Medicine
|August 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Women generally have higher sickness absence rates than men, particularly for short-term absences. Understanding gender-specific determinants is crucial for organizations to tailor effective workplace health strategies.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

How to Study Placebo Responses in Motion Sickness with a Rotation Chair Paradigm in Healthy Participants
08:50

How to Study Placebo Responses in Motion Sickness with a Rotation Chair Paradigm in Healthy Participants

Published on: December 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Sociology of Health and Illness
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Societal perceptions often suggest higher sickness absence rates in women compared to men.
  • Determinants of sickness absence may exhibit sex-specific variations, necessitating tailored organizational interventions.
  • Existing literature provides a basis for exploring gender's role in workplace absenteeism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize existing literature on the relationship between gender and sickness absence.
  • To discuss various explanations for gender differences in sickness absence using the Multi-Facet Gender and Health Model.
  • To identify key areas for future research and organizational strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing studies on gender and sickness absence.
  • Classification of determinants using the Multi-Facet Gender and Health Model.
  • Analysis of variations in sickness absence based on country, age, and professional groups.

Main Results:

  • Women appear to have higher sickness absence rates than men, though this varies by country, age, and profession.
  • Observed gender differences in sickness absence seem predominantly linked to short-term absenteeism.
  • The Multi-Facet Gender and Health Model provides a framework for understanding these complex relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Future research should adopt context-sensitive approaches and differentiate between short-term and long-term absenteeism.
  • Investigate organizational and psychosocial factors, gender bias in healthcare, and interactions between personal and work-related factors.
  • Organizations should consider gender-specific determinants to refine absence management strategies.