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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist
07:48

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Published on: April 25, 2018

LAT polices T cell activation.

Rebecca Brownlie1, Rose Zamoyska

  • 1Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.

Immunity
|August 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mutations in the linker for activation of T-cells (LAT) molecule can cause autoimmunity. This study suggests that LAT mutations may not result from a failure in central tolerance, offering new insights into autoimmune disease mechanisms.

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The Use of Flow Cytometry to Assess the State of Chromatin in T Cells
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Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist
07:48

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Published on: April 25, 2018

The Use of Flow Cytometry to Assess the State of Chromatin in T Cells
11:01

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Published on: December 17, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Mutations in the linker for activation of T-cells (LAT) molecule are implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases.
  • The precise mechanisms by which LAT mutations contribute to autoimmunity are not fully understood.
  • Central tolerance is a critical process that eliminates self-reactive T-cells during their development.

Discussion:

  • This research investigates the role of LAT mutations in autoimmunity, specifically questioning their link to a breakdown in central tolerance.
  • The findings suggest that defects in LAT signaling might lead to autoimmunity through pathways independent of central tolerance failure.
  • Understanding these alternative mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies for LAT-associated autoimmune conditions.

Key Insights:

  • Mutations in the LAT adaptor molecule can precipitate autoimmune conditions.
  • The study by Mingueneau et al. (2009) posits that LAT-related autoimmunity may not stem from a failure of central tolerance.
  • This challenges existing paradigms and opens new avenues for research into T-cell regulation and autoimmunity.

Outlook:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific molecular pathways involved in LAT-mediated autoimmunity outside of central tolerance.
  • Investigating these alternative mechanisms could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for patients with LAT-associated autoimmune disorders.
  • This work underscores the complexity of immune system regulation and the diverse origins of autoimmune diseases.