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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Obesity in the intensive care unit.

Shyoko Honiden¹, John R McArdle

¹Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.

Clinics in Chest Medicine

|August 25, 2009

Summary

Obesity affects intensive care unit (ICU) patients, with one in four potentially obese. This review covers obesity

Area of Science:

Critical care medicine
Obesity research
Physiology

Background:

Obesity is a growing concern in critical care settings.
Prevalence estimates suggest a significant proportion of intensive care unit (ICU) patients are obese.
Understanding obesity's impact on critically ill patients is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the physiological changes associated with obesity in critically ill patients.
To highlight common comorbidities linked to obesity in this population.
To discuss practical challenges in managing obese patients in the ICU, including medication.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing studies on obesity and critical illness.
Synthesis of physiological alterations relevant to intensive care.

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Identification of common obesity-related diseases and management challenges.

Main Results:

Obesity presents unique physiological challenges in the intensive care unit (ICU) environment.
Specific comorbidities frequently accompany obesity in critically ill patients.
Practical aspects of care, such as drug dosing, require careful consideration for obese patients.

Conclusions:

Critically ill obese patients require specialized care due to altered physiology and comorbidities.
Further research is needed to optimize management strategies, including pharmacotherapy, for this population.
Addressing the challenges of obesity in critical care is essential for improving patient outcomes.