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Updated: Jun 20, 2026
08:08
Chicken Recombinant Limbs Assay to Understand Morphogenesis, Patterning, and Early Steps in Cell Differentiation
Published on: January 12, 2022
Embryology of the upper limb.
Mohammad M Al-Qattan1, Yingzi Yang, Scott H Kozin
1Upper Extremity Center of Excellence, Shriners Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
The Journal of Hand Surgery
|August 25, 2009
Summary
Understanding embryogenesis and limb development is crucial for diagnosing and managing congenital limb anomalies. Animal models aid in studying limb patterning and signaling centers, informing clinical practice and family communication.
Area of Science:
- Developmental biology
- Embryology
- Clinical genetics
Background:
- Congenital limb anomalies are complex conditions requiring a deep understanding of developmental processes.
- Advances in embryogenesis research provide new insights into the origins of limb malformations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To update clinicians on recent advancements in limb development relevant to congenital anomalies.
- To bridge the gap between experimental embryology and clinical practice.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on embryogenesis and limb development.
- Analysis of animal models used to study limb patterning and signaling.
- Correlation of experimental findings with human limb anomaly phenotypes.
Main Results:
- Embryogenesis research has significantly improved understanding of limb anomaly causes.
- Animal models successfully replicate human limb malformation phenotypes.
- Key signaling centers influencing limb development have been identified and manipulated.
Conclusions:
- A foundational knowledge of embryogenesis and limb formation is essential for physicians evaluating limb anomalies.
- Understanding developmental mechanisms aids in communicating with families about congenital conditions.
- This review provides clinically relevant insights into limb development for medical practitioners.
Related Concept Videos
01:09Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
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Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
01:15Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna
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01:09Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius
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The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
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01:07Development of the Limb Synovial Joints
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During development, the limbs...
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
01:12Arteries of the Upper Limbs
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