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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase Enzyme
Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct base to ensure fidelity in DNA replication. The DNA polymerase furthermore proofreads during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.Errors during Replication Are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase EnzymeGenomic DNA is synthesized in...
Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.

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Using Modified Synthetic Oligonucleotides to Assay Nucleic Acid-Metabolizing Enzymes
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Using Modified Synthetic Oligonucleotides to Assay Nucleic Acid-Metabolizing Enzymes

Published on: July 5, 2024

Engineering DNA processing enzymes for the postgenomic era.

Frank Buchholz1

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden D-01307, Germany. buchholz@mpi-cbg.de

Current Opinion in Biotechnology
|August 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered DNA processing enzymes are crucial for advancing genome engineering. These enzymes, developed through rational and evolutionary methods, meet the growing demand for sophisticated tools in molecular medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical research
  • Molecular biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • DNA's discovery as the hereditary molecule revolutionized biomedical research.
  • Numerous DNA processing enzymes and manipulation technologies have been developed.
  • Genome sequencing advancements necessitate more sophisticated DNA processing enzymes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the increasing demand for advanced DNA processing enzymes.
  • To explore the engineering of DNA processing enzymes for improved or novel properties.
  • To evaluate the potential utility of engineered enzymes in molecular medicine and genome engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Rational enzyme engineering approaches.
  • Evolutionary enzyme engineering strategies.
  • Development of novel DNA processing technologies.

Main Results:

  • Successful engineering of DNA processing enzymes with enhanced or novel properties.
  • Demonstration of the feasibility of using engineered enzymes for advanced applications.
  • Identification of potential therapeutic applications in molecular medicine.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered DNA processing enzymes are essential for future biomedical advancements.
  • These enzymes hold significant promise as tools for sophisticated genome engineering.
  • The development of such enzymes will impact molecular medicine and genetic research.