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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
Published on: March 2, 2014
Activation of innate immune antiviral responses by Nod2
Ahmed Sabbah1, Te Hung Chang, Rosalinda Harnack
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Abstract:
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-like helicase (RLH) receptors, are involved in innate immune antiviral responses. Here we show that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (Nod2) can also function as a cytoplasmic viral PRR by triggering activation of interferon-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and production of interferon-beta (IFN-beta). After recognition of a viral ssRNA genome, Nod2 used the adaptor protein MAVS to activate IRF3. Nod2-deficient mice failed to produce interferon efficiently and showed enhanced susceptibility to virus-induced pathogenesis. Thus, the function of Nod2 as a viral PRR highlights the important function of Nod2 in host antiviral defense mechanisms.
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