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Sperm Structure and Semen Composition

During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...
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Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Collection of Post-mating Semen from the Female Reproductive Tract and Measurement of Semen Liquefaction in Mice
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Human semen hyperviscosity: prevalence, pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects.

Jlenia Elia1, Michele Delfino, Norina Imbrogno

  • 1Department of Medical Physiopathology, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome 00189, Italy.

Asian Journal of Andrology
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PubMed
Summary

Semen hyperviscosity (SHV) affects over 26% of men with subfertility and is linked to genital tract infections. Treatment success was limited, suggesting other factors may contribute to this condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Andrology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Semen hyperviscosity (SHV) is a condition affecting male fertility.
  • Its prevalence and correlation with genital tract infections require further investigation.
  • Understanding the efficacy of SHV treatments is crucial for managing subfertility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of SHV in male partners of subfertile couples.
  • To identify correlations between SHV and genital tract infections or inflammation.
  • To assess the effectiveness of SHV treatments and their impact on sperm parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1,833 male partners of subfertile couples.
  • Clinical, seminal, bacteriological, and ultrasound evaluations of 52 SHV subjects.
  • Classification of SHV severity: mild, moderate, and severe.

Main Results:

  • SHV prevalence was 26.2% (480/1833), with mild, moderate, and severe forms affecting 13.2%, 6.6%, and 6.4% respectively.
  • Successful treatment was achieved in 52.0% (27/52) of cases, particularly mild SHV with positive semen cultures.
  • Post-treatment, progressive motility, straight-line velocity, and linearity significantly improved.

Conclusions:

  • SHV is a common finding in subfertile males.
  • Infective/inflammatory factors were implicated in only 48.0% of SHV cases, suggesting potential biochemical, enzymatic, or genetic roles.
  • Targeted treatment for SHV can improve sperm kinetic parameters in select cases.