Electro-optic waveguide TE <--> TM mode converter with low drive voltage
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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo
Published on: March 19, 2016
1Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, New Jersey 07733, USA.
Abstract:
We have achieved complete electro-optic TE <--> TM mode conversion in Ti-diffused lithium niobate waveguides with as little as a 2.5-V drive. Because, for birefringent substrates like lithium niobate, TE <--> TM conversion is wavelength dependent, our method is potentially useful for wavelength multiplexing and demultiplexing. Three independently controlled mode converters, each with a 15-A filter bandwidth and with center wavelengths separated by 80 A, have been fabricated on a single substrate.
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