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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
05:36

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Published on: October 18, 2024

Effect of astigmatism on frequency tripling.

F S Tomkins, D Drapcho, R Mahon

    Optics Letters
    |August 25, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Interference in 1182-A radiation generation was observed due to astigmatism in focusing optics. Minor lens rotations explain experimental deviations previously attributed to higher-order spatial modes.

    Area of Science:

    • Laser physics
    • Nonlinear optics
    • Atomic physics

    Background:

    • Frequency tripling in xenon is a key process for generating 1182-A radiation.
    • Observed experimental data at higher pressures deviate from theoretical predictions.
    • These deviations are often attributed to higher-order spatial modes in the generated radiation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the source of interference observed during 1182-A radiation generation.
    • To explain experimental deviations in literature by considering optical astigmatism.
    • To determine the impact of minor focusing lens rotations on radiation generation.

    Main Methods:

    • Generating 1182-A radiation via frequency tripling in xenon.
    • Utilizing focusing optics that introduce astigmatism, creating two orthogonal-line foci.

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    Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

    Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
    05:36

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    Published on: October 18, 2024

  • Rotating the focusing lens by small angles (≤ 2 degrees) from the normal plane.
  • Phase matching xenon with krypton or argon to observe interference persistence.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed interference between radiation generated at two orthogonal-line foci.
    • Demonstrated that minor lens rotations significantly affect experimental curves.
    • Showed that these effects can explain deviations previously attributed to higher-order spatial modes.
    • Confirmed that the observed modulation persists when using krypton or argon for phase matching.

    Conclusions:

    • Optical astigmatism and resulting focal spot interference are critical factors in 1182-A radiation generation.
    • Minor adjustments in focusing optics can elucidate complex experimental observations.
    • The study provides a simpler explanation for deviations in experimental data, challenging previous attributions to higher-order spatial modes.