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Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Viruses of Archaea01:29

Viruses of Archaea

Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...

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Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy
09:13

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

Published on: November 1, 2011

[Rift Valley fever virus: evolution in progress].

H Tolou1, S Plumet, I Leparc-Goffart

  • 1Unité de virologie tropicale, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Institut de médecine tropicale du Service de santé des armées, Allée du Médecin colonel Eugène Jamot, Parc du Pharo, 13262 Marseille. tolouh@imtssa.fr

Medecine Tropicale : Revue Du Corps De Sante Colonial
|August 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tropical viruses like Chikungunya pose increasing threats to global populations. Viral evolution and human activity drive rapid spread, necessitating surveillance of potentially pathogenic viruses such as Rift Valley fever virus.

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Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy
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Using Click Chemistry to Measure the Effect of Viral Infection on Host-Cell RNA Synthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Virology and epidemiology
  • Emerging infectious diseases

Context:

  • Tropical viruses are increasingly threatening global populations, including those in temperate zones.
  • Human activity enhances the transport and transmission of viruses.
  • Existing hosts, reservoirs, and vectors in certain regions facilitate viral development and spread.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the potential for global spread of tropical viruses.
  • To examine the impact of viral evolution and human activity on transmission.
  • To emphasize the need for surveillance of potentially pathogenic viruses.

Summary:

  • The spread of viruses like Chikungunya demonstrates the significant impact of viral evolution and human-assisted transmission.
  • Factors supporting viral development, such as hosts and vectors, combined with global travel, facilitate rapid dissemination.
  • The potential for more pathogenic viruses to spread via similar mechanisms warrants serious consideration.

Impact:

  • Increased awareness of the global threat posed by emerging viral diseases.
  • Highlights the critical role of viral evolution and human factors in disease spread.
  • Underscores the importance of enhanced surveillance for viruses like Rift Valley fever virus to prevent future outbreaks.