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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
14:52

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

Magnesium and anaesthesia.

P M Soave1, G Conti, R Costa

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Cathollic University, Roma, Italy. pmsoave@yahoo.it

Current Drug Targets
|August 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnesium plays a crucial role in anesthesiology, with serum concentration changes frequently occurring in the perioperative period. Understanding magnesium

More Related Videos

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
08:49

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

Published on: October 16, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
14:52

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
08:49

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

Published on: October 16, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology and perioperative medicine
  • Clinical chemistry and electrolyte balance
  • Cardiology and critical care

Background:

  • Magnesium is the fourth most common cation in the body and crucial for cellular function.
  • Magnesium deficiency (hypomagnesemia) affects 7-11% of hospitalized patients, often with other electrolyte imbalances.
  • Hypomagnesemia requires detection and correction to prevent increased patient morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on magnesium use in anesthesiology.
  • To examine the role of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia in the perioperative period.
  • To analyze cardiologic issues related to magnesium serum concentration changes relevant to anesthesiologists.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed from 1995 to 2009.
  • Inclusion of all article categories: reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials.
  • Focus on perioperative magnesium levels and their clinical implications.

Main Results:

  • Magnesium acts as a general anesthetic and reduces catecholamine release during stressful procedures.
  • It possesses anti-nociceptive effects by blocking NMDA receptors, potentially reducing anesthetic and analgesic requirements.
  • Magnesium's role is significant in cardiology (myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, cardiac surgery), asthma treatment, and preventing postoperative neurocognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Magnesium has numerous established indications in medicine.
  • Anesthesiologists must recognize the frequent perioperative changes in magnesium serum concentrations and its clinical significance.
  • Proper management of magnesium levels is essential for optimizing patient outcomes in the perioperative setting.