Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis
Pneumothorax-II
Pleura of the Lungs
Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management
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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
Published on: November 10, 2023
John M Wrightson1, Emma J Helm, Najib M Rahman
1Oxford Pleural Unit, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK. johnwrightson@yahoo.co.uk
Physicians perform various pleural procedures, from simple aspiration to complex pleuroscopy. Understanding procedural risks is crucial for training and patient consent, even though complications are rare with proper training.
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