Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Thermal petiole wounding triggers trap closure in <i>Dionaea muscipula</i>.

Plant signaling & behavior·2026
Same journal

Dual biotic stressors shape volatile organic compound emission patterns in pome fruit trees.

Plant signaling & behavior·2026
Same journal

Salinity signaling networks in wheat: crosstalk among Ca<sup>2</sup>⁺, ROS, phytohormones, and metabolic signals in salt adaptation.

Plant signaling & behavior·2026
Same journal

Selenium nanoparticles and wheat straw biochar synergistically alleviate combined drought-heat stress in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) by modulating antioxidant defense, photosynthetic efficiency, and ion homeostasis.

Plant signaling & behavior·2026
Same journal

Expression pattern of the 10 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKK) encoded on <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> genome.

Plant signaling & behavior·2026
Same journal

Deciphering soybean-microbiome interactions: from rhizosphere dynamics to sustainable yield enhancement.

Plant signaling & behavior·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

An Interplay Between Small Regulatory RNAs Patterns Leaves.

Fabio Ts Nogueira1, Marja Cp Timmermans

  • 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; Cold Spring Harbor, New York USA.

Plant Signaling & Behavior
|August 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maize leaf polarity is established by small RNAs. The TAS3 trans-acting short-interfering RNA pathway restricts microRNA 166, ensuring correct adaxial/abaxial patterning and development.

Keywords:
leaf polaritymaizemicroRNAstrans-acting siRNAs

More Related Videos

MS2-Affinity Purification Coupled with RNA Sequencing in Gram-Positive Bacteria
08:34

MS2-Affinity Purification Coupled with RNA Sequencing in Gram-Positive Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

MS2-Affinity Purification Coupled with RNA Sequencing in Gram-Positive Bacteria
08:34

MS2-Affinity Purification Coupled with RNA Sequencing in Gram-Positive Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Plant developmental biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • RNA biology

Background:

  • Adaxial/abaxial leaf polarity is crucial for plant development.
  • Small regulatory RNAs, including microRNAs and trans-acting short-interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs), play key roles in patterning.
  • In maize, miR166 establishes abaxial identity, while HD-ZIPIII transcripts promote adaxial identity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the TAS3 ta-siRNA pathway in regulating leaf polarity.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which TAS3 ta-siRNAs control miR166 localization.
  • To explore the potential involvement of auxin in this regulatory pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of leafbladeless1 (lbl1) mutants in maize.
  • Detection and localization of small RNAs (miR166) and target transcripts (HD-ZIPIII).
  • Bioinformatic and molecular analyses to infer regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Loss of lbl1 function results in ectopic accumulation of miR166 throughout the leaf.
  • The TAS3 ta-siRNA pathway is essential for spatially restricting miR166 to the abaxial side.
  • Evidence suggests that AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS and auxin may be involved in TAS3-mediated regulation of miR166.

Conclusions:

  • The TAS3 ta-siRNA pathway specifies leaf polarity by controlling miR166 distribution.
  • Small RNAs, potentially in conjunction with auxin, act as mobile signals regulating organ polarity from the plant apex.
  • This highlights a conserved mechanism for relaying positional information during early leaf development.