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Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light02:00

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
The Antenna Complex01:15

The Antenna Complex

Plants and other photosynthetic organisms comprise pigments capable of absorption of direct sunlight. These pigments are present in the reaction center - the main site of photochemical reactions as well as in the antenna complex. Under average light conditions, the rate at which reaction center pigments absorb light is far below the electron transport chain's capacity. As a result, the reaction center alone cannot provide enough energy to drive photosynthesis. The photosynthetic efficiency can...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

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Atomic Force Microscopy of Red-Light Photoreceptors Using PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Property Mapping
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Atomic Force Microscopy of Red-Light Photoreceptors Using PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Property Mapping

Published on: October 24, 2014

Phytochrome a function in red light sensing.

Keara A Franklin1, Garry C Whitelam

  • 1Department of Biology; University of Leicester; Leicester, UK.

Plant Signaling & Behavior
|August 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phytochromes regulate plant development. This study reveals phytochrome A (phyA) functions in red light at high irradiances, contrary to its known role in far-red light responses.

Keywords:
cotyledonhypocotylirradiancephotoprotectionphytochrome Ared light

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Photomorphogenesis
  • Molecular Plant Physiology

Background:

  • Phytochromes (phy) are photoreceptors mediating plant responses to red (R) and far-red (FR) light.
  • Phytochrome A (phyA) is known for rapid degradation and mediating high irradiance responses to FR light, primarily in early development.
  • This has led to an oversimplified view of phyA as solely an FR sensor for germination and de-etiolation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of phyA in Arabidopsis thaliana under high photon irradiances of red light.
  • To challenge the prevailing notion of phyA's limited function in red light conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high photon irradiances (>100 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) of red light for experiments.
  • Analyzed the degradation patterns of nuclear-localized phyA.
  • Studied the de-etiolation and survival of phyBphyCphyDphyE quadruple null mutants (containing only functional phyA).

Main Results:

  • Observed retarded degradation of nuclear-localized phyA under high red light, suggesting photoprotection.
  • Demonstrated that phyA alone is sufficient for de-etiolation and survival to flowering in quadruple phytochrome mutants.
  • The experimental irradiances, while high for lab studies, are lower than natural daylight conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Phytochrome A exhibits significant activity under high red light irradiances.
  • PhyA's role extends beyond FR sensing and early development, potentially impacting growth under daylight.
  • Further research is warranted to explore phyA's function in natural light environments.