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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

A Novel Stromal Fibroblast-Modulated 3D Tumor Spheroid Model for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interaction and Drug Discovery
07:20

A Novel Stromal Fibroblast-Modulated 3D Tumor Spheroid Model for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interaction and Drug Discovery

Published on: February 28, 2020

Genomic alterations in tumor stroma.

Charis Eng1, Gustavo Leone, Mohammed S Orloff

  • 1Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute and Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. engc@ccf.org

Cancer Research
|August 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Genomic alterations in the tumor microenvironment are crucial for cancer progression and treatment. These changes, found in solid tumors and inflammatory bowel disease, offer new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology and Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Genomics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Traditionally, tumors were viewed as seeds in a passive microenvironment.
  • Recent understanding highlights the interactive roles of neoplasia and its microenvironment.
  • Genomic insights into the tumor microenvironment are revolutionizing cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advances in understanding genomic alterations within the tumor microenvironment.
  • To explore the clinical relevance of these alterations for patient outcomes and treatment strategies.
  • To identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets based on microenvironmental genomic changes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on tumor microenvironment genomics.
  • Analysis of genomic alterations in various solid tumors.
  • Investigation of microenvironmental genomic changes in inflammatory bowel disease.

Main Results:

  • Genomic alterations in the tumor microenvironment significantly impact clinical outcomes.
  • These alterations are observed not only in solid tumors but unexpectedly in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • The tumor microenvironment presents a new frontier for therapeutic intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic alterations in the tumor microenvironment are critical for cancer development and progression.
  • These findings suggest the potential for new prognostic biomarkers.
  • Targeting the tumor microenvironment offers a promising new strategy for cancer therapy.