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Related Concept Videos

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
07:37

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

Epigenetics in rheumatoid arthritis.

Michelle Trenkmann1, Matthias Brock, Caroline Ospelt

  • 1Center of Experimental Rheumatology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|August 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetics, the study of gene expression changes, is crucial for understanding rheumatoid arthritis. Research explores epigenetic modifications in this autoimmune disease to uncover new treatment strategies.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
07:37

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • * Molecular biology and genetics
  • * Immunology and rheumatology

Background:

  • * Epigenetic aberrations are implicated in various human diseases, including cancers and autoimmune disorders.
  • * Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting synovial joints, with complex etiology involving genetic, immunomodulatory, and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis.
  • * To highlight the role of epigenetics in RA pathogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating epigenetic modifications in rheumatoid arthritis.
  • * Analysis of existing research on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in RA.

Main Results:

  • * Evidence suggests significant epigenetic alterations in rheumatoid arthritis, impacting immune cell function and joint inflammation.
  • * Specific epigenetic marks are associated with disease severity and progression in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Conclusions:

  • * Epigenetic dysregulation is a key factor in rheumatoid arthritis development and progression.
  • * Further research into epigenetic targets holds promise for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis.