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Contrasuppressor cells induced by Junin virus.

O E Campetella1, N V Galassi, H A Barrios

  • 1Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Immunology
|April 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Junin virus (JV) infection in adult mice induces T cells that suppress immune responses. However, contrasuppressor (CS) cells emerge, preventing excessive suppression and potentially aiding survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Junin virus (JV) causes lethal meningoencephalitis in susceptible mice via a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) immune response.
  • Adult BALB/c mice are resistant to JV infection and do not exhibit a DTH response.
  • JV inoculation in adult BALB/c mice leads to suppression of DTH to unrelated antigens like sheep red blood cells (SRBC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immune mechanisms underlying resistance to Junin virus (JV) in adult BALB/c mice.
  • To identify the role of T cells and contrasuppressor cells in modulating the immune response to JV infection.
  • To understand how the immune system avoids over-exposure to T cell-mediated DTH suppression during JV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Intracerebral inoculation of Junin virus (JV) in various mouse models.
  • Assessment of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC).
  • Isolation and characterization of T cell populations, including contrasuppressor (CS) cells with a Thy-1+, Ly 1+2- phenotype.

Main Results:

  • JV-induced T cells (Tsv) mediate suppression of DTH responses from 1 to 24 days post-infection (p.i.).
  • Adult BALB/c mice exhibit resistance to JV and suppression of DTH, linked to adult mouse survival.
  • JV-induced contrasuppressor (CS) cells were identified in the spleen and can abrogate Tsv cell-mediated suppression.

Conclusions:

  • Contrasuppressor (CS) cells play a crucial role in preventing excessive T cell-mediated DTH suppression during Junin virus (JV) infection.
  • The emergence of CS cells may be a key mechanism contributing to the survival of adult mice against JV-induced meningoencephalitis.
  • Further research into CS cells could reveal novel therapeutic targets for managing viral infections and immune-related disorders.

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