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Implementation of a Hyperbolic Vortex Plasma Reactor for the Removal of Micropollutants in Water

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Enhanced water purification: a single atom makes a difference.

Tom A Stewart¹, Daniel E Trudell, Todd M Alam

¹Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 MS-0750, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.

Environmental Science & Technology

|August 28, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gallium-substituted aluminum Keggin polycations (GaAl12) show superior water treatment efficacy compared to aluminum (Al13) and germanium (GeAl12) analogues. GaAl12 offers enhanced contaminant neutralization and improved shelf life for water purification.

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High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Published on: June 28, 2019

Area of Science:

Water Treatment Chemistry
Inorganic Polymer Chemistry
Environmental Engineering

Background:

Aluminum Keggin polycations (Al13) are effective for neutralizing anionic contaminants in water.
Prehydrolyzed aluminum coagulants like polyaluminum chloride have limited shelf life due to polycation conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the water treatment efficacy of aluminum Keggin polycations with Ga- or Ge-substituted analogues.
To investigate the stability and shelf life of these polycations for water purification applications.

Main Methods:

Evaluated contaminant removal (bacteriophage, Cryptosporidium, DOC, turbidity) using GaAl12, Al13, and GeAl12.
Utilized Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) to analyze polycation speciation and charge.
Performed solid-state characterization of precipitates to assess polycation stability.

Main Results:

Contaminant removal efficacy followed the order: GaAl12 > Al13 > GeAl12.
GaAl12 exhibited the least deprotonation, suggesting higher charge and optimal neutralization.
Al13 converted to larger polycations (e.g., Al30), while GaAl12 showed no such alteration, indicating enhanced stability.

Conclusions:

Substitution of a single Ga-atom in the aluminum Keggin polycation center optimizes water treatment performance.
GaAl12 demonstrates superior efficacy in anionic contaminant neutralization and improved shelf life compared to Al13.
GaAl12 presents a promising alternative for water purification, addressing stability issues of current aluminum-based coagulants.