Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors
Published on: February 7, 2018
Ozonation of metoprolol: elucidation of oxidation pathways and major oxidation products
Jessica Benner1, Thomas A Ternes
1Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) Am Mainzer Tor 1, D-56068 Koblenz, Germany.
Abstract:
Oxidation products (OPs) formed during ozonation of metoprolol were identified via liquid chromatography and hybride Qq LIT-MS. Experiments carried out at pH 3 and 8 showed the formation of different OPs, depending on pH. The analysis of samples with and without tertiary butanol (t-BuOH) revealed the influence of OH radical reactions. The OH radical exposure was measured by adding a probe compound (para-chlorobenzoic acid, pCBA). Elucidation of chemical structures confirmed the formation of aldehyde moieties as well as the occurrence of hydroxylation reactions. Several reaction pathways for the formation of the oxidation products are proposed. Analysis of ozonated raw wastewater and the effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant spiked with 10 microM metoprolol exhibited a similar OP formation pattern as detected in the reaction system at pH 8 without a radical scavenger. This indicates a significant impact of OH radical exposure on the formation of OPs in real wastewater matrices.
Related Concept Videos
Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon-Containing Systems
Oxidation reactions are fundamental in aromatic carbon-containing systems. An example is the hydroxylation of phenobarbital, a process that transforms it into...
Phase I Oxidative Reactions: Overview
Drug Metabolism: Phase I Reactions
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Oxidation of Alcohols
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
