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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...

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Intracameral Injection in Rats with Low Risk of Adverse Effects
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Emerging drugs for conjunctivitis.

Catherine Origlieri1, Leonard Bielory

  • 1STARx Allergy & Asthma Center, UMDNJ - New Jersey Medical School, 400 Mountain Avenue, Springfield, New Jersey, NJ 07081, USA.

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
|August 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary

New ophthalmic agents are in development to treat conjunctivitis, offering improved outcomes for both infectious and noninfectious forms. These promising therapies aim to overcome the limitations of current conjunctivitis treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Conjunctivitis is a common eye condition that can lead to visual impairment.
  • Causes include infections (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic) and noninfectious triggers (allergies, dry eye, chemical exposure).
  • Current treatments often require frequent application and may not be fully effective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging conjunctivitis therapies in clinical development.
  • To compare novel treatments with existing options for conjunctivitis management.

Main Methods:

  • Searched the Pharmaprojects database for global conjunctivitis drug development.
  • Reviewed current treatment guidelines for infectious and noninfectious conjunctivitis using PubMed and Ovid.

Main Results:

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  • Several new compounds are under investigation, including antimicrobials, antihistamines, anti-inflammatories, immunomodulators, and a thiazolidinedione.
  • These agents demonstrate potential for enhanced clinical outcomes in conjunctivitis.

Conclusions:

  • Novel therapeutic agents show promise for improving the management of conjunctivitis.
  • Future directions in conjunctivitis treatment include these advanced pharmacological options.