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Related Experiment Videos

Effective decisions and their verbal justification.

D E Broadbent1

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, U.K.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|April 12, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Human control of complex systems reveals a gap between knowing and doing. This study explores possible psychological mechanisms underlying this discrepancy in human-computer interaction and expert systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Systems Control

Background:

  • Experimental research highlights a discrepancy between an individual's explicit knowledge and their implicit ability to control complex systems.
  • This gap is observed when individuals can perform tasks correctly without articulating the underlying principles, or can verbally describe correct actions without executing them.
  • Such discrepancies pose challenges for designing effective training programs and developing expert systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the psychological mechanisms that explain the divergence between declarative knowledge and procedural control in complex systems.
  • To reconcile experimental findings with existing psychological theories of cognition and action.
  • To identify potential explanations for why individuals may fail to act on their stated knowledge.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews existing experimental data on human control of complex systems.
  • It analyzes theoretical models of cognitive function and action execution.
  • The paper discusses the implications of the observed knowledge-action discrepancy.

Main Results:

  • The findings indicate that current psychological models may not fully account for the observed discrepancies in human control.
  • Certain plausible models of brain function are challenged by the experimental evidence.
  • The research suggests the need for alternative theoretical frameworks to explain the relationship between knowledge and action.

Conclusions:

  • The discrepancy between reported knowledge and actual control in complex systems is a significant issue with practical and theoretical implications.
  • Further research is needed to develop and test new models that can bridge the gap between explicit knowledge and implicit control.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for advancing fields such as artificial intelligence, education, and cognitive science.

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