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Related Experiment Videos

Posterior midbrain-induced locomotion.

E Garcia-Rill1, N Kinjo, Y Atsuta

  • 1Department of Anatomy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205.

Brain Research Bulletin
|March 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Neurochemical signals in the rat

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Neuropharmacology

Background:

  • Locomotion is a complex behavior controlled by the central nervous system.
  • The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) plays a crucial role in initiating and maintaining locomotion.
  • Understanding the neurochemical basis of MLR activation is essential for deciphering motor control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific neurochemical signals that trigger locomotion when acting on the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR).
  • To differentiate the roles of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission in MLR-driven locomotion.

Main Methods:

  • Injections of various neurochemicals (GABA antagonists, GABA, muscimol, substance P, NMDA, carbachol, atropine) into specific brain regions of rats.
  • Observation and quantification of locomotor activity (duration, frequency, intensity).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of muscle tone changes.

    • Main Results:

    • GABA antagonists in the NADPH diaphorase-positive regions (PPN) induced short, repeatable locomotion episodes.
    • Substance P also initiated brief, repeated locomotion.
    • N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) produced dose-dependent, prolonged locomotion, including varied gaits (walk, trot, gallop).
    • NMDA-induced locomotion was blocked by APV, an NMDA antagonist.
    • Cholinergic agonist carbachol inhibited NMDA-driven locomotion and muscle tone, an effect reversed by atropine.

    Conclusions:

    • Both GABAergic and excitatory amino acid systems within the PPN are involved in MLR-mediated locomotion.
    • NMDA receptor activation is a potent driver of sustained locomotion, capable of modulating gait.
    • Cholinergic pathways appear to modulate, rather than initiate, locomotion driven by NMDA.
    • These findings elucidate key neurochemical pathways controlling locomotion initiation and modulation.